Waterproof building material



Jan. 1939. Al CHENEY WATERPROOF BUILDING MATERIAL Filed NQV. 22, 1934 Patented .im 1o, 1939 WTERPRO 0F RING Application November 22, 1934, Serial No. 754,343

4 Claims.

The present invention relates to a waterproof `building material and aims generally to improve existing materials of that type.

One of the aims and objects of the invention is to provide an improved waterproof building material adapted for general usage when waterproofing is required. More particularly an object of the invention is to provide a Waterproof building material that may be embedded within masonry Walls providing a highly exible material of substantial body adapted to provide a cushion or pressure-relieving joint and coated with metal to provide a protective coatingA for the bodyv from Water of infiltration so that the body will not disintegrate. i

In the Waterproofing of masonry buildings, it is desirable to insert in the masonry construction a waterproof course at each and every joint where moisture may penetrate the walls. At many places, as for example, around beams, spandrels, lintels, the joints are of the so-called expansion type, that is, there is a juncture of masonry of different structure or length which aresubjectto different expansions and contractions. In such cases it is desirable to providea cushion or pressure-relieving joint to permit of relative expansion and contraction of the masonry elements Without breaking or disturbing the mortar bond, and it is often necessary to bend the waterproofing material to conform to the joint. It is, therefore, highly necessary that the waterproofing material be highly flexible so that it may be readily bent to shape as well as compressible to a-certain degree. 'I'he joints to be Waterproofed are of o varying lengths, some being relatively short lengths as compared with the length or Width of the building, as for'v example, joints for lintels and sills and others, such as the joints between a floor and the brick or stone exterior facing which are substantially the length of the building. Hence,

`in providing a waterproofing material. for such joints it is advantageous to provide a material l that is readily bendable by hand VWithout requiring special bending tools or machinery. Thus one of the aims and objects of the invention is to provide a material that may readily be bent 4by hand around an irregular joint, and which may be so angularly bent as to conform to irregular joints of the masonry.

Heretofore, it has been proposed to use a building paper feltor saturated fabric for this purn pose but this method of waterproofing is not en tirely satisfactory because paper felt and' fabric tend to become disintegrated when imbedded in a masonry wall. Even a bitumen saturated paper (Cl. 'l2-127) felt` or fabric will, when subjected to moisture, disintegrate except when exposed to the air where it may readily be dried by evaporation.

According to the present invention, I provide a waterproof building or flashing material having 5 `a bitumen saturated fabric body of substantial thickness so as to function on a cushion or compressible body providing a pressure-relieving joint coated with a thin metall surface or sheet (such as copper) intimately securedto the fabric body, either on. one or both sides, which metal surface or sheet is sufficiently thin as not materially to impair the flexibility of the fabric body, the material preferably being so constructed as to be bonded to a lay-er of mortar, so that upon harden- 15 ing of the mortar, the masonry above or exterior the material will be restrained from shifting laterally.

Other principal as well as secondary objects and advantages of the invention will appear to those skilled in the art from a consideration of the following description and the accompanying drawing, wherein I have illustrated certain forms and constructions 'within the scope of the invention.

In the drawing:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of one -embodiment of the invention; 4

Fig. 2 is a fragmental sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 3; .1, 3o

Fig. 3 is a similar view of a. modified form 0T construction;

Fig. 4 is a fragmental planl view of a sheet of waterproof building material according to one form of the invention;

Fig. 5 is a similar view of a modified form of the invention;

Fig. 6 is a detail sectional vievtr according to another forml of the invention; and

Fig. '7 is a similar view of a further embodiment of the invention;

l Fig. 8 is a similar View of another embodiment of the invention; and Fig. 9 is a detail sectional View of a portion of a masonry building illustrating one useof the invention.

Referring to the drawing, the invention com,- prises `a iiexible fabric body l0 of any suitable material such as building paper, felt, sheeting or drilling, preferably the latter. In the illustrated embodiment a sheet of heavy cotton drilling Il may be thoroughly saturated and coated with bitumen, as for example, layers I2 of asphalt, to give it body, render 1t tacky, and Water-repellant. This material may have a substantial body and ,belngexlble and Vto a degree comleast one side of the fabric body, to provide ametal coating for the fabric body I0, and advantageou'sly the metal sheet I3 may be adhesively secured to the fabric body I0 by rolling it under pressure between rolls, or otherwise,

while spreading a coating of hot asphaltum between the sheet II and fabric body I/Il. When made in such manner, the metal sheet I3 is tenaciously bonded to the fabric I0. In some cases, it will be sufficient to provide a metal sheet I3 only on one side of the fabric body as is illustrated, for example, in Figs. 1-and 2, in

which case I preferably press or roll into the opposite face of the body I0 ground or crushed mineral such as stone or slate I4 or other like material which may be imbedded in a layer of asphaltum I2. 0r, if preferred, both sidesA of the fabric may be coated with a metal sheet I3 as in Fig. 3.

The metal coated surface of the'material is preferably the upper surface, when the material is used as a waterproof cut-off in masonry walls,

so so as to provide a non-absorptive metal surface for draining any water of infiltration from the wall. The fabric body is thus shielded from water of infiltration but should the wall become damp, f as by sweating, the metal sheet I3.in conjunction with the highly compressed stone surface I4 of the fabric body will retard absorption of moisture by the fabric body Ill and thus will pre- .vent rapid disintegration of the body material, even though embedded within a masonry Wall.

In using the material as a waterproof cut-olf or flashing, it is often desirable to lay the waterproofing in a bed of mortar. When this is done with the form of material shown in Figs. l and 2 I nd that the crushed stone surface I4 of the fabric body I0 makes an excellent bond with the mortar so that upon hardening of the mortar the material is held securely in place. Mortar, however, does not readily adhere to a smooth metal surface such as a copper sheet and hence to resist any tendency -of the masonry adjacent the metal coated surface to shift laterally, I preferably provide raisedprojections or depressionsV around or in which the mortar may be molded. These projections may be in the form of raised conical shaped projectionsl Il (Figs. 1 and 4) or they may begin the form of ribs or grooves I 8 (Fig. 5); In either form they may be readily pressed into the material.

Preferably the projections I1 and I8# are arranged in rows (see Figs. fl and 5) lengthwise of thel sheet, the rst row being advantageously spaced from the edge of the sheet 'a distance of approximately two inches .and the spacing between adjacent ows being approximately four inches. Masonry walls are of varying thicknesses,

but usually in multiples of four inches, so that 0f an adjacent row, as shown in Fig. 5. Or if desired, the projections may be in the form of a flanged member or anchor 20 (Fig. 6)4 adapted to be soldered, riveted or otherwise secured to the material, and of'such construction that the masonry may be bonded to the material against movement in all directions. Within the scope of the invention, the material further may comprise a fabric body I0 connected to each side of a metal sheet I3 (see Fig. 2), the outer faces of both sheets being coated with crushed mineral I4 to enable thefmaterial to be securely bonded to the mortar on both sides. sides of the material, without materially increasing the thickness of the material, as in Fig. 7, a mortar bonding surface may be provided by securing a crushed mineral surface 2I to the metal coating I3 by means of a layer of asphaltum 22 as in Fig. 8.

As stated above, the improved material is especially adaptable for the waterproofing of masonry joints where angularA bending of the 4material is required.` For example, in waterproofing around beams or spandrel joints as shown in Fig. 9, the material may be readily bent to t over the corner of a concrete floor 23 which may be reinforced withan I-beam 24 or other structural shape. The material is preferably laid in mortar with the stone face surface adjacent the fioor 23, and thus a good mortar bond is effected between the mortar and the crushed'stone surface. The metal coated surface I3 is above and serves to stop any downward seepage of moisture in the wall and also quickly to drain the moisture d from the wall. L

After the material is in place. a layer of mortar may be spread upon the metal coated surface I3, and the masonry wall elements 24, and facing stones or brick 25 laid; Upon hardening of the mortar the elements 24 and 25 will beheld securely in place and due to the presence of the bonding projections II, I8 or 20, any tendency of the elements 24 and 25 to shift will be resisted.

In using the invention as a around beams or spandrel joints, as in Fig. 9, the relatively thick fabric body I0 is of special utility in providing a pressure relieving joint. The poured concrete floor, for example, will have a different-aggregative expansion and contraction than the masonry facing composed of smaller units24, 25, and the utilization of the resilient, somewhat compressible fabric body provides a pressure-relieving, waterproof joint that will permit of`the difference in expansion of adia- .waterproofing cent cements without rupture of the mortar joints in the facing.

Advantages of the invention reside in its simplicity, its extremel iexibility, permitting it to be bent readily around joints requiring a plurality of bends. Furthermore, the invention combines with a, resilient body, va continuous metal coating for at least one side thereof to provide a water-repelling pressure-relieving waterproof joint material, constructed so as to afford a bondfor the superposed or adjacent masonry, to the end that an extremely low priced,

highly efficient material is provided which may be installed with a minimum of labor.

It is to be understood that the constructions illustrated in the drawing are intended only as illustrative of the invention, and that the invention may be embodied in various forms and Or where such bonding is desired on both c of moisture of infiltration thereof. c In the claims, the term "fabric is used to denote broadly a flexible textile paper or like material whether felt sheeting, .woven material, such as drilling, or ylike structures.

I claim:

1. In a masonry building, a supporting masonry struct masonry facing elements therefor, and a mortar `Ioint between the supporting structure and 4facing elementsR and a waterproof lining for said Joint comprising a continuous length of flexible bitumen saturated fabric embedded in and. bonded with the mortar of said Joint, said lining being flexible and resilient and constituting a pressure-relieving Joint means-for said joint, 'said lining having on its uppersuri'ace a sheet of copper or the like to prevent penetration into said fabric.

2. A multi-ply flashing material adapted to be embeddedin a mortar joint -ofa masonry structure, one of the plies `comprising a exible bitumemcoated, fibrous sheet material of substantial thickness to form a cushion for a section of a masonry wall, a thin impervious layer of copper uniformly attached to one face of said fabric and serving as a waterproof coating therefor. said metal being sufficiently thin as not to materially impair the exibility ofthe fabric whereby said materialmay be readily bent to conform to a stepped masonry Joint, the opposite. faces of said multi-ply flashing material being irregular whereby said material maybe securely bonded to a layer of mortar forminga mortar Joint of said masonry structure.

3; A multi-ply flashing material adapted t0 be embedded in a mortar joint4 of amasonry structure. comprising a flexible sheet of waterproof fibrous material of substantial thickness to form a cushion for asection of a masonry wall, a thin imperviouslayerof copper uniformly attached to one face of said fabric and serving as a waterprooi coating therefor, said metal being sufficiently thin as not to materially impair the ilexibility of the fabric whereby said material may be readily bent to conform to a stepped masonry joint,the exposed face of the fibrous material being roughexied so as to be' securely bonded to a layer of mortar forming a mortar joint of said masonry structure, and means extending upwardly from said material adapted to be embedded in a layer of mortar adhering to the superlposedmasonry for preventing shifting of said masonry horizo' tally relative thereto.

4. A masonry structure as defined in claim 1 characterized in that the waterproof lining is a multi-ply structure. one ply comprising a thin, substantially impermeable layer of noncorrod ible metal, such as copper, and the other plies comprising waterproofed brous material one face of which: is facially bonded to the layer vof metal and the exposed face of which is roughened, whereby said roughened surface maybe securely bonded to the layer of mqrtar .constituting the mortar joint of-said structure. 

